Relations are how we define visual objects in a composition that relate to the viewer, the format, and other elements within that composition. Relations are everywhere in our compositions and can be identified through different elements. One example is attraction, where objects are grouped together in a composition will either attract or repel one another. You can also find static objects in a composition, where objects don’t have any movement. In a composition you can find symmetry, where objects are identically arranged on both sides of an axis. Opposite of symmetry, is asymmetry, where there is no exact balance or symmetry in the composition. A composition will be balanced when all elements have optical equilibrium, and can be created between objects that have the same form but different positions. However, when an object is repeated it can form a group or a unit. Through this, groups can be named based on their underlying structures. Structures in a composition can actively define a direction, while a group of objects can define a position in the layout. Space can also dictate a composition when there is a dense and open area accompanied with white space in the layout. Compositions can often have different amounts of objects, which are not all most visually dominant.
Steven Bradley of Smashing Magazine described it perfectly when he said, “If you see graphic design as a process of arranging shapes on a canvas, then you’re only seeing half of what you work with. The negative space of the canvas is just as important as the positive elements that we place on the canvas.” This statement couldn’t be truer, as space is a huge tool that we can use as designers. Design is an arrangement of both shape and space. Space can establish contrast, add emphasis to your composition, and enhance the hierarchy in your image. Space can generate drama and tension, while also providing visual rest between groups of elements. An important function of space is to improve readability and legibility in your design. Without enough white or negative space in your composition, it can be hard to read. Space can also convey other attributes such as sophistication, simplicity, luxury, cleanliness, solitude, and openness. Without considering space you cannot do your design justice. Steven Bradley tells designs to not be afraid to use space, and to view it as an important design element under your control. He also says to make an effort to spend time observing how space is used in design, and to consciously analyze how you can best use space in your design.
In these two logos, the designer effectively used negative space to convey a deeper message in their logo. The cat is no longer just a cat, but shows the shape of a martini glass. The letter R also shows a steep mountain with a flag mounted on top, which may be a logo for an outdoor store. Through successful use of space, these logos were able to create more visual interest.
These websites show how space can enhance the visual interest of a website. The focal point and hierarchy of the webpages are very clear and clean thanks to effective use of space. The white space in the page adds movement in the overall composition. Your eye is easily able to navigate the site clearly, and all information is legible and clear.
Sources:
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/05/16/design-principles-space-figure-ground-relationship/
https://dribbble.com/shots/437870-Black-Cat-Lounge
Delving Into Design 